Raigad

Introduction to Raigad District

Raigad, previously known as Colaba district, is located in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India, with its district headquarters in Alibag. The district includes several notable cities like Panvel, Karjat, Navi Mumbai, Khopoli, Shrivardhan, and Mahad. The name “Raigad” was adopted to honor the Raigad Fort, which was the first capital of the Maratha Empire. The fort, originally called Rairi, is situated in the interior of the district amidst the dense forests of the Western Ghats and offers a glimpse into the region’s strategic historical significance.

Raigad is renowned for its historical landmarks, pristine beaches, breathtaking landscapes, and the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats. The region is home to several important religious and cultural sites, including the famous Ashtavinayak Temples and the Elephanta Caves, which speak to the area’s deep cultural and spiritual heritage. Additionally, Raigad is a vibrant, multicultural district, with a population representing various religions, dialects, and ethnicities. The region is also historically significant as the hinterland of the Bene-Israeli Jews, adding another layer to its cultural richness.

The district is dotted with iconic forts, such as Raigad Fort, Kolaba Fort, Murud-Janjira Fort, and Sudhagad Fort, each offering a glimpse into the area’s military and political past. Raigad is also an educational hub, with Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, the only technological university in Maharashtra, based in the district. Beyond its historical and cultural wealth, Raigad is progressing rapidly in modern times, housing key industrial complexes of national importance and internationally renowned scientific institutions.

The History of Raigad District

Raigad’s strategic importance is evident from its location as a trade and military gateway. It served as a major trade center in ancient times, with important entry points through the Sahyadri mountain range. The establishment of defensive forts in the 14th century solidified its military significance. The district’s forts, including the renowned Raigad Fort, highlight its enduring strategic value.

Raigad’s history reflects changing rulers and political transitions. The Kolaba coast was initially governed by powers controlling the Konkan and Deccan regions. As trade shifted, civil strife occurred. The medieval period saw the rise and fall of dynasties like the Shilaharas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Yadavas, contributing to the region’s cultural heritage.

The Mughal dynasty’s decline in the 17th century led to Maratha rule. Raigad became central to the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. However, Maratha power declined in the 18th century with the rise of the British East India Company. The British annexation of Raigad brought modernization and urbanization to the region.
Raigad’s identity is tied to the Maratha Empire, especially through Raigad Fort, the former capital of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort’s historical significance led to the district being renamed Raigad, highlighting its importance as a seat of Maratha power. The period of Maratha rule remains a source of cultural pride for the people of Raigad.

During British rule, Raigad saw administrative and infrastructural changes. The district of Kolaba was formed in 1869, becoming a focal point for British colonial interests. Recognizing its natural beauty, the British developed Raigad into a tourism center with lakes, hill stations, sea beaches, and forts as attractions. This boosted the local economy and infrastructure. Today, Raigad’s historical significance remains, with its forts, landscapes, and landmarks drawing attention from historians and tourists.

Top Tourist Attractions in Raigad

Religious Sites

• The Varadvinayak Temple is one of the eight Ashtavinayak temples dedicated to the Hindu deity Ganesha. According to legend, the temple was constructed or restored by Peshwa General Ramji Mahadev Biwalkar in 1725 AD. In addition to the main idol of Ganesha, the temple also houses the idols of Navagraha Devatas, Mushaka, and Shivalinga.
• The Ballaleshwar Temple holds a significant place among the Ashtavinayak temples. Situated in the village of Pali, approximately 60 km away from Karjat in the Raigad district, it stands in close proximity to the Sarasgad fort and the Amba river.
• Harihareshwar, a town located in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, is home to the renowned Harihareshwar Temple. Considered to be blessed by Lord Shiva, this temple complex was renovated by the Peshwas in 1723 AD. It holds a special place as the Kuladaivat, or family deity, of the Peshwas.
• The Suvarnaganesh Temple: During the excavation of a coconut cultivation area near the temple, a copper box was discovered containing a golden Ganesh idol and some ornaments believed to belong to Lord Ganesha. This golden idol, known as Suvarnaganesh, weighs over 1 kg and is estimated to have been created around 300 to 400 years ago, according to local accounts.

Forts

Raigad District is home to several historically significant forts, each showcasing the region’s military and strategic importance during different periods of history. These forts, many of which were pivotal during the Maratha Empire, continue to stand as proud symbols of India’s rich heritage. Below are some of the most notable forts in the district:

• Raigad Fort, situated approximately 25 kilometers away from Mahad, holds great significance as one of Maharashtra’s most notable forts. Its association with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj adds to its historical importance. During the year 1674 AD, Shivaji Maharaj undertook the task of renovating the fort and declared it the capital of his empire, marking a significant milestone in Maratha history. The fort, positioned atop a hill, provides visitors with a breathtaking panoramic view of the surrounding area, including the picturesque Ganga Sagar Lake. To ensure easy accessibility, the fort offers a unique ropeway facility, enabling swift transportation to its summit.
• The Murud-Janjira Fort stands as a prominent marine fortress situated along the Arabian Sea, near the port town of Murud. Renowned for its robust defenses, it is often regarded as one of the most formidable sea forts in India. Accessible by sailboats from the Rajapuri jetty, the fort boasts two main gates: one facing the Rajapuri shore and the other, a postern gate, opening towards the sea to facilitate escape. The fort’s bastions are fortified with an array of cannons, encompassing both indigenous and European-made artillery.
• Kolaba Fort, situated close to Alibag, served as a prominent naval outpost for the Maratha Empire and played a crucial role in maritime operations. This fort boasted two main entrances: one facing the sea and the other leading to the town of Alibag. Of particular interest are the freshwater wells within Kolaba Fort, a rare feature for a fort situated by the seaside.
• Sudhagad Fort, also known as Bhorapgad Fort, is located approximately 50 kilometers to the west of Pune and 25 kilometers to the south of Lonavla. Situated in the Raigad District, near the town of Pali, this fort has a rich history. Initially named Bhorapgad, it was later renamed Sudhagad by Shivaji Maharaj. The fort’s plateau is divided into three distinct sections.

Natural Wonders

• Chavdar Tale, located in the city of Mahad in Maharashtra’s Raigad District, holds great historical significance. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, a recipient of Bharatratna, on March 20, 1927, along with his followers, took a significant step by drinking the water from this lake, symbolizing the right for all to access it. This act of Satyagraha marked the beginning of a movement for social equality.
• Matheran, a picturesque hilltop covered in lush trees! The journey can be made through a two-hour ascent on a charming toy train or by taking on a challenging 11-kilometer hike through dense forests. Visitors can also enjoy horse-riding and browse through shops offering unique cane and leather products.

Beaches

• Alibag Beach:
  The primary beach at Alibag is characterized by a wide expanse of flat land, perfect for taking long walks. It is relatively clean and usually not overcrowded during weekdays. The sand on this beach has a hard texture and is black in color, which makes it challenging to build sand castles. Additionally, the tide comes in from all directions, so be prepared to wade through water when returning.
• Mandawa Beach:
  Located approximately 10-15 miles north of Alibag on the north coast, Mandawa Beach is easily accessible from Mumbai. This pristine beach offers a stunning view across the bay, all the way up to the famous Gateway of India, especially on clear days. Mandawa village itself has a unique charm, with its picturesque coconut palm groves adding to its allure.
• Kihim Beach:
  It is a hidden gem known for its lush woods teeming with colorful wildflowers, rare butterflies, and various bird species. For history enthusiasts, the town of Chaul, situated 15 kilometers from Alibag, is worth a visit. Chaul boasts Portuguese ruins, Buddhist caves, the Hamam Khana, a church, a temple, and even a synagogue.

Best Time to Visit

Why Raigad Should Be on Your Travel List

Raigad should be on your travel list for its rich blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. As the heart of the Maratha Empire, the district is home to the iconic Raigad Fort, once the capital of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort offers breathtaking views and is easily accessible by a ropeway, making it a must-see for history enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike.

In addition to its historical and natural attractions, Raigad’s multicultural identity, shaped by diverse religious and cultural influences, enhances the travel experience. With its strategic forts, serene lakes like Chavdar Tale, and a wealth of historical monuments, Raigad provides a complete travel experience that combines history, culture, nature, and adventure.